Combustion Engineering

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Combustion.Engineering

Resources

Learn form industry experts with our “Introduction to Combustion” shorts course includes detailed illustrations and practical guidance on gas, oil, petcock, and coal burner

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Combustion Calculations

Access powerful tools for analyzing combustion performance, fuel efficiency, flue gas composition, and process optimization.

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ACCE

ACCE is your 24/7 combustion and process intelligence assistant, embedded directly at site, with no need for cloud connectivity or remote servers. It reads real-time plant data, and acts like an on-site combustion engineer.

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Kiln

In high-temperature kiln environments, various gas-phase reactions occur that impact safety, product quality, and equipment longevity. Understanding these reactions is essential for effective kiln operation and hazard prevention.

You can use the PA FAN% input which is a crucial parameter that influences combustion efficiency and airflow control in kiln operations. Adjusting the PA Fan % helps optimize fuel usage and maintain proper air-fuel ratios, contributing to stable kiln performance and reduced emissions.

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Combustion Book

Burn Baby Burn - The Art and Science of Making Flames Behave - A Practical Guide to Combustion, Burner Tuning, and Avoiding Explosions

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Reaction	Cause	Impact	Temperature Range (°C)
CO + O₂ → CO₂ (Exothermic)	Incomplete combustion in fuel-rich conditions	Can cause localized explosions if CO builds up and ignites	>1000
CO + SO₂ → COS + ½ O₂	Reducing atmosphere where CO reacts with SO₂	Carbonyl sulfide formation, contributing to sticky sulfur deposits	>800
CO + Fe₂O₃ → Fe + CO₂	CO reducing iron oxides at high temperatures	Alters clinker composition, affecting cement quality	>700
CO₂ + SO₃ → H₂SO₄	SO₃ reacting with CO₂ and moisture	Acid condensation in cooler zones, causing corrosion	<350
CO₂ + Na₂O/K₂O → Alkali Carbonates	High alkali content in feed reacting with CO₂	Sticky alkali carbonate formation contributing to ring formation	Varies
O₂ + SO₂ → SO₃ (Exothermic)	High temperature promotes SO₂ oxidation	Leads to acid condensation and deposit buildup	>800
O₂ + NO → NO₂	Occurs at high temperatures in excess oxygen conditions	Increased NOx emissions, regulatory issue	>1200
Na₂O/K₂O + SO₂ + O₂ → Na₂SO₄ / K₂SO₄	Sodium/potassium oxides reacting with SO₂	Sticky sulfate formation, leading to severe ring deposits	>800
SO₂ + CO + O₂ → Alkali-Sulfates & Deposits	Incomplete combustion with high CO and SO₂	Significant deposit accumulation and ring growth	Varies

Reaction

Cause

Impact

Temperature Range (°C)

CO + O₂ → CO₂ (Exothermic)

Incomplete combustion in fuel-rich conditions

Can cause localized explosions if CO builds up and ignites

>1000

CO + SO₂ → COS + ½ O₂

Reducing atmosphere where CO reacts with SO₂

Carbonyl sulfide formation, contributing to sticky sulfur deposits

>800

CO + Fe₂O₃ → Fe + CO₂

CO reducing iron oxides at high temperatures

Alters clinker composition, affecting cement quality

>700

CO₂ + SO₃ → H₂SO₄

SO₃ reacting with CO₂ and moisture

Acid condensation in cooler zones, causing corrosion

<350

CO₂ + Na₂O/K₂O → Alkali Carbonates

High alkali content in feed reacting with CO₂

Sticky alkali carbonate formation contributing to ring formation

Varies

O₂ + SO₂ → SO₃ (Exothermic)

High temperature promotes SO₂ oxidation

Leads to acid condensation and deposit buildup

>800

O₂ + NO → NO₂

Occurs at high temperatures in excess oxygen conditions

Increased NOx emissions, regulatory issue

>1200

Na₂O/K₂O + SO₂ + O₂ → Na₂SO₄ / K₂SO₄

Sodium/potassium oxides reacting with SO₂

Sticky sulfate formation, leading to severe ring deposits

>800

SO₂ + CO + O₂ → Alkali-Sulfates & Deposits

Incomplete combustion with high CO and SO₂

Significant deposit accumulation and ring growth

Varies

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Combustion Engineering
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